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Komuso
One of the more unusual sights in feudal Japan was the komuso -
the monks of emptiness - of the Fuke-shu, a sect of Zen
Buddhism. The origins of the komuso are something of a mystery,
though they can trace their start to wandering priests in China and
Southeast Asia.
The traditional dress of the komuso was a dark blue or black
kimono, a kesa worn over the left shoulder and a
tengai basket-hat that entirely covered the head. The
tengai symbolized their detachment from life and was made of
tightly woven reeds everywhere except in front of the eyes so that the
wearer could see the world but not be seen by it.
During the Tokugawa Shogunate (1615-1868), they were given official
protection by the government and in return they became spies and informers
for the oppressive regime. In addition, it was easy for ronin and
bandits to adopt the disguise of the komuso for their own purposes
and the sect was soon looked upon with suspicion.
The Fuke sect was dissolved during the Meiji
Restoration (1868-1912) but its traditions have been revived in recent
years.
The primary discipline of the komuso was the playing of the
shakuhachi, an end-blown bamboo flute that came to Japan from China
in the late 6th century. It is thought that its melancholy sounds echo the
Japanese feelings of the fleetingness of life.
Besides being a musical instrument, the shakuhachi could also be
used as a club. True, the komuso did carry a sword, but it was kept
in a cloth bag tied with the two cords symbolizing the principles of
yin and yang, the duo forces of the universe. The drawing
of the sword and its use were complicated by rituals that at times made the
shakuhachi the preferred weapon.
- STAN SAKAI
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